鴉片類止痛恐引發便秘困擾 醫:多數患者未及時處理影響生活品質
健康醫療網生活

程劭儀教授、洪玉純護理師、蕭惠樺教授共同呼籲應積極與醫師討論用藥、止痛不止便!
在癌症患者及慢性疼痛患者之研究中,有三成的患者會透過漏服藥、短暫停藥7 ,來避免嚴重的OIC症狀;另一研究中,亦有七成的患者,因未能完整了解鴉片類藥物的副作用,而希望可以調整目前的止痛藥處方7 。未能正常解便的不適感、內心的抑鬱尷尬等身心靈困擾,也直接影響了醫病溝通的和諧、醫療成本也可能隨之增加(歐洲研究顯示,與非OIC患者相比,其每月至醫院尋求專科醫師協助的醫療負擔超過400歐元8。)
緩瀉劑普及、方便,卻仍有九成以上患者出現中度至重度便秘1
蕭惠樺教授說明傳統OIC治療為緩瀉劑及灌腸劑,因未能對應OIC的機轉,未能起到良好的效果9 ;國外研究顯示有九成以上的患者出現中度至重度便秘,更有終身便秘的個案發生1 。部分研究觀察顯示,末梢性μ型類鴉片受體拮抗劑(PAMORAs)的出現,在特定情況下可能有助於改善排便狀況3。PAMORAs藉由阻斷胃腸道中的μ型類鴉片受體,來改善鴉片類藥物對於腸道影響;因不會進入中樞神經,故不會降低止痛效果4。第七版癌症疼痛之藥物治療指引、2022年鴉片類所致便秘之臨床治療指引均明確指出,若病患診斷為OIC, PAMORAs可作為治療評估選項之一,實際使用仍需依醫師判斷4,10 ;國外研究亦顯示,PAMORAs相較安慰劑,可改善患者生活品質11;六成OIC癌症患者使用PAMORAs,排便頻率在部分研究中呈現增加趨勢12。
OIC嚴重程度亦會間接影響疼痛治療的順從性及疼痛程度;便祕處理不當亦會導致糞便嵌塞,進而延伸心血管及呼吸系統功能障礙,嚴重情況下可能影響其他身體功能,需特別留意。近年來,國外PAMORAs的使用情形呈現增加趨勢,對心理、社交及治療滿意度有所改善,並有助於維持疼痛治療的順從性。程劭儀教授、蕭惠樺教授聯合呼籲,綜觀OIC所導致的情緒問題、疼痛失去控制、延伸疾病,醫護人員及患者應積極處理、討論,切勿因尷尬情緒、忽視,而導致更嚴重的後果!
本文經 健康醫療網 授權刊登,原文發表於此
【健康醫療網/記者陳靖安報導】2026/04/14
緩瀉劑普及、方便,卻仍有九成以上患者出現中度至重度便秘1
蕭惠樺教授說明傳統OIC治療為緩瀉劑及灌腸劑,因未能對應OIC的機轉,未能起到良好的效果9 ;國外研究顯示有九成以上的患者出現中度至重度便秘,更有終身便秘的個案發生1 。部分研究觀察顯示,末梢性μ型類鴉片受體拮抗劑(PAMORAs)的出現,在特定情況下可能有助於改善排便狀況3。PAMORAs藉由阻斷胃腸道中的μ型類鴉片受體,來改善鴉片類藥物對於腸道影響;因不會進入中樞神經,故不會降低止痛效果4。第七版癌症疼痛之藥物治療指引、2022年鴉片類所致便秘之臨床治療指引均明確指出,若病患診斷為OIC, PAMORAs可作為治療評估選項之一,實際使用仍需依醫師判斷4,10 ;國外研究亦顯示,PAMORAs相較安慰劑,可改善患者生活品質11;六成OIC癌症患者使用PAMORAs,排便頻率在部分研究中呈現增加趨勢12。
OIC嚴重程度亦會間接影響疼痛治療的順從性及疼痛程度;便祕處理不當亦會導致糞便嵌塞,進而延伸心血管及呼吸系統功能障礙,嚴重情況下可能影響其他身體功能,需特別留意。近年來,國外PAMORAs的使用情形呈現增加趨勢,對心理、社交及治療滿意度有所改善,並有助於維持疼痛治療的順從性。程劭儀教授、蕭惠樺教授聯合呼籲,綜觀OIC所導致的情緒問題、疼痛失去控制、延伸疾病,醫護人員及患者應積極處理、討論,切勿因尷尬情緒、忽視,而導致更嚴重的後果!
參考資料:
1. Coyne KS, Sexton C, LoCasale RJ, King FR, Margolis MK, Ahmedzai SH. Opioid-Induced Constipation among a Convenience Sample of Patients with Cancer Pain. Front Oncol. 2016 Jun 8;6:131. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00131.
2. Argoff CE. Opioid-induced constipation: a review of health-related quality of life, patient burden, practical clinical considerations, and the impact of peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonists. Clin J Pain. 2020;36:716-722.
3. Nobuyuki Katakami et al. Randomized Phase III and Extension Studies of Naldemedine in Patients With Opioid-Induced Constipation and Cancer. J Clin Oncol 35, 3859-3866(2017).DOI:10.1200/JCO.2017.73.0853
4. 2022台灣鴉片類藥物所致便祕之臨床處置指引
5. Rauck RL, et al. Opioid-induced constipation survey in patients with chronic noncancer pain.
6. Tokoro A, Imai H, Fumita S, et al. Incidence of opioid-induced constipation in Japanese patients with cancer pain: A prospective observational cohort study. Cancer Med. 2019;8(10):4883–4891. doi:10.1002/cam4.2341
7. Varrassi, G., Banerji, V., Gianni, W. et al. Impact and Consequences of Opioid-Induced Constipation: A Survey of Patients. Pain Ther 10, 1139–1153 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40122-021-00271-y
8. Hjalte F, et al. The direct and indirect costs of opioid-induced constipation. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2010 Nov;40(5):696-703.
9. Nobuyuki Katakami et al. Randomized Phase III and Extension Studies of Naldemedine in Patients With Opioid-Induced Constipation and Cancer. J Clin Oncol 35, 3859-3866(2017).DOI:10.1200/JCO.2017.73.0853
10. 第七版癌症疼痛之藥物治療指引
11 . Webster LR, Nalamachu S, Morlion B, et al. Long-term use of naldemedine in the treatment of opioid-induced constipation in patients with chronic noncancer pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study. Pain. 2018;159(5):987–994. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001174
12. Nishiba H, Imai H, Fujita Y, Hiruta E, Masuno T, Yamazaki S, Tanaka H, Kamiya T, Ito M, Takei S, Matsuura M, Mogi J, Obayashi K, Minato K. Efficacy and safety of naldemedine treatment for opioid-induced constipation in gastrointestinal cancer: a retrospective analysis. Ann Palliat Med 2023;12(4):697-707. doi: 10.21037/apm-22-1130
1. Coyne KS, Sexton C, LoCasale RJ, King FR, Margolis MK, Ahmedzai SH. Opioid-Induced Constipation among a Convenience Sample of Patients with Cancer Pain. Front Oncol. 2016 Jun 8;6:131. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00131.
2. Argoff CE. Opioid-induced constipation: a review of health-related quality of life, patient burden, practical clinical considerations, and the impact of peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonists. Clin J Pain. 2020;36:716-722.
3. Nobuyuki Katakami et al. Randomized Phase III and Extension Studies of Naldemedine in Patients With Opioid-Induced Constipation and Cancer. J Clin Oncol 35, 3859-3866(2017).DOI:10.1200/JCO.2017.73.0853
4. 2022台灣鴉片類藥物所致便祕之臨床處置指引
5. Rauck RL, et al. Opioid-induced constipation survey in patients with chronic noncancer pain.
6. Tokoro A, Imai H, Fumita S, et al. Incidence of opioid-induced constipation in Japanese patients with cancer pain: A prospective observational cohort study. Cancer Med. 2019;8(10):4883–4891. doi:10.1002/cam4.2341
7. Varrassi, G., Banerji, V., Gianni, W. et al. Impact and Consequences of Opioid-Induced Constipation: A Survey of Patients. Pain Ther 10, 1139–1153 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40122-021-00271-y
8. Hjalte F, et al. The direct and indirect costs of opioid-induced constipation. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2010 Nov;40(5):696-703.
9. Nobuyuki Katakami et al. Randomized Phase III and Extension Studies of Naldemedine in Patients With Opioid-Induced Constipation and Cancer. J Clin Oncol 35, 3859-3866(2017).DOI:10.1200/JCO.2017.73.0853
10. 第七版癌症疼痛之藥物治療指引
11 . Webster LR, Nalamachu S, Morlion B, et al. Long-term use of naldemedine in the treatment of opioid-induced constipation in patients with chronic noncancer pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study. Pain. 2018;159(5):987–994. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001174
12. Nishiba H, Imai H, Fujita Y, Hiruta E, Masuno T, Yamazaki S, Tanaka H, Kamiya T, Ito M, Takei S, Matsuura M, Mogi J, Obayashi K, Minato K. Efficacy and safety of naldemedine treatment for opioid-induced constipation in gastrointestinal cancer: a retrospective analysis. Ann Palliat Med 2023;12(4):697-707. doi: 10.21037/apm-22-1130
本文經 健康醫療網 授權刊登,原文發表於此
【健康醫療網/記者陳靖安報導】2026/04/14